Supply chain management Essay

In this final paper for Managerial Finance I will attempt to show how the supply chain inventory management method can be affected depending on the situation of the retailer. Studying the control method for problems in inventory, which would include both, excesses in inventory as well as shortages, and hoping to minimize loss. Use of SCM as a Method of Inventory Control I have decided to do the final for Managerial Finance on the use of the SCM method as a form of inventory control, because I have worked in a business that has used many different forms of inventory control. As a manager it was one of my responsibilities to maintain inventory and observe any losses as a loss prevention issue that must be discovered. The ordering responsibility for inventory was one of my most important duties as a manager. â€Å"Supply Chain Management is a set of synchronized decision & activities, utilized to effectively integrate suppliers, manufacturers, transporters, warehouses, retailers & customers so that the right product or service is distributed at the right quantities, to the proper locations & at the appropriate time, in order to minimize system wide costs while satisfying customer service level requirements. (Misra, 2010) Finding different options for inventory choices as well as finding prices that reflects a profit for the company was primary reasons for me to research the available possibilities in inventory. Deciding a price for acquiring inventory is an important aspect of making a determination in product for any company striving to make a profit. An important aspect of inventory is the amount of inventory that needs to be ordered, as over ordering or under ordering can be just as problematic for a company. A company that over orders does ot receive profit, because they have put out too much money without a return on that investment, will not make a profit. A popular product may sell very well for a company, but an overabundance of product means that the remaining product after sales may end up being a loss if sales do not again pick up. Under ordering can be just a big of a problem for a company because when customers start coming in for products that are not on the shelves it leads them to find alternate sources for their purchases. Under ordering can also create problems when it comes time to do a secondary order. The initial under ordering of product can lead even the most cautious of managers to second guess their ordering process. The initial under order leads a manager to think that they need to order more of the product to compensate for future sales of the product. The main problem that comes from this common over reaction is that the company lost out on sales on the initial order so tried to compensate by ordering more of the product on their new order. There may have been an increased demand on the first day of sales that may not (usually not) return when the manager orders more stock. The ability to make an initial determination as to the proper inventory can be a deciding factor on a profitable business and an unprofitable one. SCM or supply chain management is a process that refines the process in which managers make their decisions for the products and services that the company offers. SCM is a way for a company to find the products that they offer to their customers. â€Å"The Supply Chain management (SCM) is defined by the Supply Chain Forum (SCF) as the integration of key business processes from end user through suppliers that provide goods, services and information that add value for customers. (Assey, 2012) Supply chain management takes the production of a manufacturer and presents it to a supplier; the supplier then presents those products to the retailers which in turn provide those products to the customers. Choosing the supplier that gets the best deal from the manufacturer is going to give the most profit for the retailer selling the product to their customers. The process of supply chain management can actually merge retailers with supplier just as suppliers merge with the manufacturers. Some companies choose to use various different suppliers for their products while other companies choose to use a single supplier for their product. Personally I worked for a video game company called FuncoLand which was purchased by a company called Babbages, which merged with Electronics Boutique. After the merger the name of the company was changed to GameStop which is now the largest video game retailer in the United States. The thing that makes this important to this paper is that when FuncoLand was purchased by Babbages the supply chain changed. The change in the supply chain meant that all orders must be relooked at to insure the same profit levels for products that GameStop enjoyed. The single supplier for GameStop was replaced by the numerous different suppliers of Babbages. Every item of inventory needed to be checked to make sure they reflected a price that was going to produce profit for the merged FuncoLand and Babbages stores. Inventory charts were created and every store of both needed to inventory all items listed so that they could be compared with the new companies overall stock as well as profit ratios. Once the inventories of both companies were done there was a coordinating effort by upper management to determine prices of available product as well as the suppliers that were going to deal which each stores location. The numerous different suppliers made each location different in their ordering and inventory procedures. As could be expected this made it very difficult for these merged companies to be individually managed by the district and upper management. Each individual store was looked at by the store managers and was expected when issues arose to contact headquarters immediately. The buyout of these two merged companies by Electronic Boutique turned out to be a blessing in disguise for all involved. Electronic Boutique used a single supplier had dealt with the same supplier for years and had already worked out their profit ratios (including the purchase cost of the two companies) and store management once again needed to inventory their entire product for the new owners. The name was changed to GameStop and all store locations now used the same supplier and the prices for each store location were set by upper management. Ordering was done automatically based on the initial stores inventory counts and the new POS systems. While I understand there is an alternate definition for POS in this instance it refers to â€Å"point of sale†. The point of sale system was built using the store’s inventory, and orders for products were made, when the sales reached a certain level. Once a product reached a certain level of sales and did not continue to sell the item was automatically removed from the automatic reorder listing. The product would not be reordered into that store location unless it was a pecial order done by the stores management and usually had to be presented with a reason for the order to be made. In the four years that I worked for GameStop I only ever had to use this feature one time. A customer wanted Final Fantasy 7, new and unopened, and this was well over a year after the initial release of the game. The suppliers notified the upper management that they could do this, and I placed an order for the product as a full pre-sale, which means that the money was available to GameStop before the product was available to the customer. Being the only time this issue ever arose for me while working at GameStop it was an interesting learning experience about how a supply chain management process works. â€Å"The descriptive model presented is useful in settings where organizational structure and the supply chain are needed to support sustainable products and processes and whose success is facilitated by establishing strategic partners, especially those that make possible economies of scale†. Pullman & Dillard, 2010) Since one of the primary reasons for using supply chain management is to reduce inventory and cost for a company, GameStop has achieved what neither FuncoLand nor Babbages were able to because their use of a single supplier made achieving profit that much more possible for the mangers making their store orders. â€Å"Most of the decline is due to more efficient cash and inventory management†. (Ross, Westerfield, Jaffe, Jordan, 2010) The main purpose of examining the supply chain management method is insuring that the retailer gets the best uses of their supplier(s). Minimizing shortages, while acquiring profits, in an attempt to optimize the proper supply for each location, is another purpose of using supply chain management. The strategy can be difficult to implement for those unaware of the procedures. I must admit that I did not realize the purpose (or the concept) of supply chain management, at the time I worked for GameStop. Looking back at my time at GameStop has led me to a new appreciation for the business that was built off of the back of FuncoLand.

How does Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Change throughout the play? Essay

Introduction In the following essay I will be discussing how Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have changed through out the play and I will outline the incidents that take place to show how they change. Macbeth is first shown at the start of the play, through the second scene with the wounded captain and King Duncan, as a brave and loyal soldier. Everyone thinks well of him, and he is seen as a true hero. He is a brave and bloodthirsty. Then he meets the witches and hears their predictions that he is Thane of Glamis, and will become Thane of Cawdow and then the King. As soon as the witches disappear and, he begins to have thoughts that he really might be king. But the only obstruction is that that Duncan is still alive His best friend Banquo is there as well and the witches predict that he will not become king but his son will. After the predictions Macbeth I very confused he says to him self †The Thane of Cawdor live a prosperous gentlemen, and to be king† (Act 1:3:71/72). He immediately sends a letter to his wife Lady Macbeth telling her everything that happened. At this point Duncan declares Malcolm to be next in line to the throne, Macbeth is angry at this decision †the prince of Cumberland that is a step on which I must fall down or else o’erleap for in my way it lies† (Act 1:4:55/56) Him and his wife start plot the murder. Macbeth is confused and he feels weak at this point of the play he doesn’t want to carry out the murder But when he tells his wife, she so insults him that he changes again, and swayed by her, resolves to kill Duncan and he does, so he is pressured into it by Lady Macbeth. When he finally agrees he is determined to carry out the murder he wants to get it over and done with this is the quote he uses †Bring forth men children only, for thy undaunted mettle should compose nothing but males† (Act 1:7:72/74) at this time his confidence is influencing him. After the murder Macbeth feels regret and remorse for what he has done, so he looks at the blood on his hands and says: â€Å"this is a sorry sight†. Macbeth clearly feels regret for what he has done. The murder is successful and Macbeth becomes King Macbeth, his character starts to change into something more dangerous and harmful. He remembers that Banquo was predicted that his son will become king so Macbeth has to have him killed so when he is out with hi on he hires men to kill him, the men manage to kill Banquo but his son escapes. On that same day Macbeth prepares a banquet to which he invites Banquo but he knows he is dead. At the banquet Banquos seat is empty, Macbeth hallucinates he sees Banquos ghost on his chair and No one else in the room sees Banquo and Macbeth thinks that they are messing with his mind. Macbeth says â€Å"Which of you have done this?† and â€Å"Thou canst not say I did it; never shake thy gory locks at me.† (Act 3: S:48). Macbeth becomes ever more outraged and he starts to yell and scream at everyone in the room. Lady Macbeth senses that something is definitely wrong and she asks everyone to leave immediately. Macbeth’s decline is clearly evident now. After the banquet Macbeth is tied he says †as his host/Who should against his murder shut the door† (Act 1:7:72/74) at this moment his ambition to stay king is influencing him. He then revisits the 3 witches and asks them for more predictions he is angry and eager to find out what else the future holds for him, the escape of Fleance is still on his mind and he is scared in case he returns. The witches predict another 3 things they say to beware Macduff, beware that which is not born of woman, and beware of Birnam woods coming towards him. Macbeth laughs this off. He is not afraid of Macduff, he does not think that anyone can be not born of woman, and he thinks there is no way the woods can get up and move towards him. Macbeth becomes brutal at this stage of the play he has Macduff’s family killed he says † The castle of Macduff I will surprise/ Seize upon Fife†¦His wife, his babes all unfortunate souls/ that trace him in his line†(Act 4:1:149/152) his own ambition makes him do this. Macbeth notices that the prediction of the witches are starting to come true as he realises that the trees are moving closer to his castle he becomes to get worried, Macduff and the kings son Malcolm come back invade Macbeth’s castle. He fights Macduff here is where he finds out what the witches meant by ‘beware that which is not born of woman’ Macduff tells him that he was born by a cesarean which is not a natural birth. Macbeth I defeated and is killed. Conclusion So there are all kinds of changes throughout the play. Shakespeare wanted to create a character who did evil deeds, but was courageous and conscience-stricken, unsure of the rightness of his actions or knowing they are evil but determined to do them anyway. Lady Macbeth Lady Macbeth is the wife of Macbeth. The first time we see her in the play, she receives a letter from Macbeth talking about three witches and what they said to him. It reads that the witches have predicted that Macbeth will be the new king. At this moment Lady Macbeth starts plotting King Duncan’s murder. Lady Macbeth Lady Macbeth is told that King Duncan will be coming to stay at their place. She is startled by the news and calls on evil spirits to change her and lose her femininity. â€Å"Come you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty† (Act 1:5:40). She is saying to the evil spirits give me murderous thoughts; make me have no sympathy for humanity at all. When Macbeth arrives Lady Macbeth discusses the plan with him but he thinks it is a bad idea, Lady Macbeth accuses him of being a coward and makes him think he does not love her. â€Å"Wouldst thou have that which thou esteem’st the ornament of life, and live a coward in thine own esteem† ( Act 1:7) Lady Macbeth says she can’t do it because Duncan reminds her of her farther. The plan is to kill Duncan and blame it on the guards Lady Macbeth drugs the guard’s drinks, Macbeth has to leave the daggers there but instead he brings them so Lady Macbeth has to do the job of taking them back. She seems to have no fear about the situation, but she seems to be a bit nervous. The next morning when they discover the King Lady Macbeth puts on an act and pretends to faint this make them look innocent. Duncan’s son’s flea thinking they might get blamed for it but running away makes them even more suspicious. Between Act 2 and 3, Macbeth is crowned King. Macbeth still can’t stop thinking about the murder but Lady Macbeth urges her husband to put the past behind him. She does not know that Macbeth has a plot to kill Banquo. Macbeth has calmed down towards the end of the scene. A banquet is organized by the King and Queen, by now Banquo has been murdered. Macbeth is acting weird and Lady Macbeth makes excuses for her husband. â€Å"Sit, worthy friends.† My lord is often thus, and hath been from his youth† (Act 3:4) are the words that Lady Macbeth explains Macbeth’s actions. The weird behaviour continues in Macbeth so Lady Macbeth urges the guests to leave. She fears Macbeth will say too much. After the banquet, Lady Macbeth is very quiet. She seems tired and worn out maybe it is because of tiredness or even more than that. In Act 5 Scene 1, we see Lady Macbeth again, but this time she has been through different moods. A doctor is called, Lady Macbeth is sleepwalking, she refers to her hands that seem to have specks of blood by saying, â€Å"Out damned spot, out I say! (Act 5:1) She seems haunted by what she has done. The doctor says to call on a priest rather than a doctor and to keep a close eye on Lady Macbeth. Macbeth is now ready to fight a battle, and hears of his wife’s’ illness which cannot be explained.. Since the murder the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth has deteriorated and does not seem to be getting any better. Lady Macbeth is dead. Macbeth feels drained and tells of how she should have died older. Conclusion Lady Macbeth is far more savage and ambitious than her husband, but we can see how weak she gets towards the end of the play, she has two sides to her witch stat to show. So she changed from a very determined and ambitious character to a fragile character he cannot keep the secret any longer.

Budgetary control" URGENT MUST SEE A REAL TOPIC IN DETAILS Thesis

Budgetary control" URGENT MUST SEE A REAL TOPIC IN DETAILS SECTION - Thesis Example Budgetary control is part of overall organisation control and is concerned primarily with the control of performance (Abdel, 2011). The use of budgetary control in performance management has of late earned greater importance especially as an integrative control mechanism for the organisation. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the role of budgetary control in performance management, organisational control and as an integrative control mechanism within an organization. According to Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA), London, budgetary control refers to establishment of budgets for the continuous comparison of actual with the budgeted information for achieving the goals and recording the deviation and conducting a revision of budgets under the fresh circumstances (Ray, 2009). Planning, Coordination, Communication and Control are the primary objectives of budgetary control. Planning involves preparing a table of action for a business over a specified period of time. Coordination refers to synchronization or bringing together of different activities of a company or an organization to ensure cooperation of all the concerned towards the common goal. Communication as an objective of budgetary control refers to informing the budget to the concerned about what is expected of them to accomplish (Abdel, 2011). The budget which is approved contains all the plans of the management regarding the future course of action which are communicated to the concerned departments. The departments follow the approved budget and are expected to adhere to it for the specified period. Control refers to process, necessary to bring the performance according to the original plan. Control is possible with pre-determined standards laid down in the budget. To enable budgetary control a continuous comparison of real performance with that of budget is maintained to find out the

Criminal Justice Career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminal Justice Career - Essay Example Ensuring that I attain high marks in my final year at UCF remains one of the most important things to me to achieve my objective of becoming a Special Agent in future. The courses I pursue at UCF will leverage my selection as an FBI Special Agent because FBI recruits on the grounds of certain critical skills, which I have so far covered in my university coursework. FBI requires all Special Agent position applicants to first qualify for one of their entry program, which include accounting, language, law, diversified and computer science or information technology. A Special Agent, often referred to as a criminal investigator or detective, gathers facts and assemble evidence pertaining to the intent of ascertaining whether violations of local, or federal laws has occurred in connection to a case in question. No archetypal day exists for an FBI Special Agent because each day has its unique course. Today, an Agent may be testifying against a criminal in a federal court and the following m orning he may be engaged in collecting evidence from the field, making arrests, contacting an informant or doing some paperwork among other activities. There are numerous types of crimes such as Intelligence, Criminal, Counterintelligence, and Counterterrorism among others. As such, an individual aspiring to be an FBI Special Agent may choose which one to specialize in. Special Agents are usually employed full-time and it is very rare to find part-time employment opportunities in this field. Those who have been in the field with vast experience usually get favorable working hours than new recruits who are usually assigned night duties and even weekends as well as holidays. The profession is highly risky, especially because Special Agents deal with criminals who may attack them in one way or another causing bodily harm and even death in extreme cases. Therefore, it is usually imperative to follow recommended procedures when working in order to reduce risk exposure. Special Agent job is a physical and stressful. You are always oblivious of what dangers you might encounter in the line of duty. Nevertheless, Special Agents are trained on how to handle such occurrences, which makes them fit to creatively deal with any situation. In order to become a Special Agent, many people usually serve as police officers before joining the Criminal Investigation Division (CID) as Special Agents. The minimum education requirement for the job is a high school diploma with some law enforcement agencies requiring college or degree certificates, for example, an FBI Special Agent must possess a degree coupled with at least three years work experience. An applicant for the position of a Special Agent must be 23 years old, but less than 37 years. Passing physical test as well as background assessment, including polygraph, is mandatory for one to qualify for the job of a Special Agent. After recruitment process, the selected individuals are taken to a training academy, which could be re gional or agency-owned. One then commences his or her on-the-job training after graduation from the academy. Besides educational requirements, one must have good problem-solving skills, good judgment as well as excellent communication skills. Good communication skill is essential in interacting with peers as well as suspects (U.S. Department of Justice, n.d). One

Accounting Information Systems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Accounting Information Systems - Assignment Example Air New Zealand has also has diversification in aircraft engineering and ground handling services of airlines. Apart from it won services it also provides these two services to other domestic as well as international companies. Subsidiaries of this group also offer online ticket booking services, retailing and travel wholesaling services. Vision of the company is that it strives to become number airlines company in terms of customer satisfaction of services in every country where it provides services (Air New Zealand, 2012). The company is dedicated to become customers’ first choice of airlines for travelling to within and from New Zealand. The company has developed a competitive advantage in terms of creativity and innovation in its services quality. The company promotes the domestic culture, people, behaviors and quality of business practice to the overseas people. It also has a long term value i.e. growth company and contribution a major percentage to the domestic countries growth. The company has been awarded Airline of the year in 2010 and 2012 and it also achieved many national international awards for its quality services. According to company’s financial report of 2010, it has total assets of NZ$1,566 million and profit of NZ$82 million. Accounting information systems of the company refers to the efficient use information technology to management of company’s operating activities and recoding of daily financials transactions and information. Company provides high priority to its Accounting information systems as it maintains the company’s accounting and financial information and update daily basis. AIS help the company to operate accounting and financial management efficiently and easily. As AIS has higher involvement of information technology and computers systems, network, internet etc so there is higher possibility that the company could be exposed to computer fraud and abuse in many ways (Sori, 2009, p.36). There are some general types of threat related to accounting information systems of the company. Terrorist attack and natural deserter in New Zealand and other operating countries are considered as macroeconomic threats to the company’s information systems. Other micro environmental threats are malfunction of hardwires software errors, human unintentional manual errors, and lastly the most dangerous intentional acts or computer crimes. Now fraud refers to intentional unethical and unfair business practice by organizations or individual or groups. Supplier of product and services to this company might gain unethical interest or benefits over the company. Any individual within the organization may commit fraudulent activities intentionally for his or her individual interests. In efficient asset management through absence of internal control systems leads to theft of company’s valuable assets. Another affective type is fraudulent reporting of financial statements. Accounting informatio n systems has given high priority and focus by the company to protect any fraudulent activities regarding financial reporting which is quarterly or yearly result of daily accounting records and maintenance and updating ethically and fairly representation of that. The company could be exposed to any type of fraudulent financial reporting due to some common reasons that leads to unethical business practice by the company. Presence of deceive creditors or suppliers, or investors might be the reason one reason. Another way of reporting fraudulent financial statements can be done by increasing the current market of share of the company. Third reason might be to collect investment to sufficient cash inflow to the

Decision to Charge Appropriate Interest Rate Essay

Decision to Charge Appropriate Interest Rate - Essay Example However, if any of the above mentioned determinants, fails to meet the expectations of the investors, then investors become shaky regarding their investments. The investors are mainly of two types, one who receives the ownership of the business by purchasing the shares of the company, in this way they invest in the company and are known as shareholders. They demand their return in two major ways i.e. dividends (distribution of profits) and capital gain (increase in the value of shares). On the other hand, the other kind of investors, are the creditors and they provide loans to the business such that amount of loan is repayable in certain time against which they demand a return in the form of interest. Generally, if the financial prospects of the business seem sound in the future, shareholders also require more return. However, if the financial prospects of the company are to show more vulnerability and inconsistency, then loan providers charge higher interest because their investment comes at stake due to increasing risk of solvency, bankruptcy and likelihood of inability of business to pay interest and principal. In short, out of the two types of investors, i.e. shareholders and debt holders, this particular article mainly focuses upon the required rate of return demanded by the debt holders only. Generally if an organization’s future financial outlook seems to be stable and bright looking, the debt holders prefer that organization to invest in as they would find their investment less risky as compared to that organization which is found to be struggling in dealing with its financial prospects. To be more specific, debt holders will charge less interest to that business which has consistent and growing cash flows, profitability, less amount of debt included in the overall capital structure and increasing net worth of the business. All of the above mentioned factors are the determinants of a safe, prosperous and better looking business. Conversely, debt holders would charge a relatively higher interest from those businesses which have inconsistent cash flows and profitability, highly indebted and having vulnerable net worth of the business in upcoming periods. Debt holders find their investment highly risky and as a result of bearing that extra risk, they demand higher interest to compensate that risk. As far as ACME Consulting Business is concerned, its cash balance is going to increase at double rate on yearly basis with the amounts of $39K, $138K and $177K. The net profit margin is also estimated to increase as it will be 0.33%, 4.87% and 5.94% respectively. Total Debt to Total Asset ratio will also be expected to decline from 76.55% to 61.24% in three years time. Lastly, Net Worth to Total assets of the business is estimated to increase from 65.09% to 86.31% in the same period. Debt ratio of the business is however higher than industry which is a questioning sign for the business. Net Worth ratio is better than the industry whi ch can be a positive sign for the business in future. For Interstate Travel Center, the cash balance will also be increased at almost a double pace, with

Romantic Composers' Enthusiasm for Writing Orchestral Program Music Essay

Romantic Composers' Enthusiasm for Writing Orchestral Program Music - Essay Example Being a representative of Early Romanticism, Hector Berlioz was one of the true founders of Romantic era in music. Writing in the grand romantic tradition, Berlioz is famous for his large operas and symphonies. He brought the true Romantic spirit into program music and can be considered as not less significant and even revolutionary figure than Beethoven with his passion and emotional depth of expressions. Berlioz is mostly famous for his Symphonie fantastique and Grande Messe des morts; both appeared as true progress in program music organizing. Written in 1830, Symphonie fantastique is divided into five thematic parts or movements. This Berlioz's composition can be surely referred to as program music since it is subtitled as An Episode in the Life of an Artist and has its own narration. During the time of writing this symphony, Berlioz has extremely fallen in love with the Irish actress, Harriet Smithson, and this fact is the background of the Symphonie fantastique plot. As for the technical content and using new approaches in the composition, Symphonie fantastique is filled with the intensively dramatic music and unusual timbres and textures. Being a professional conductor and highly talented composer, Hector Berlioz used a large orchestra with prominent role of brass and percussion p to four timpani players. On the other hand, it occurs that Berlioz was also highly impressive and sensitive person, and, therefore, composition was always an extremely creative process for him. As it is said in introduction of Symphonie fantastique text: "In this condition his sensations, feelings and memories find utterance in his sick brain in the form of musical imagery. Even the beloved one takes the form of melody in his mind, like a fixed idea that is ever-returning, that he hears

Through a Smokers Eye Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Through a Smokers Eye - Essay Example As King puts into perspective, smokers face a series of problems including discrimination and stereotypic classification. Evidently, the personal experience mixed with reality make smoking a nightmare for various smokers (King, 1990). These aspects create the need for persuasion in the narration. Indeed, the argument stands out, as it captures the important elements of smoking, making sure that social, economic, and cultural context gets to light. By first introducing the negative aspect of smoking, King tries to capture the attention of readers. She discusses the hatred for smokers in such a way that anybody reading the article can immediately develop negativity. On the other hand, she discusses non-smoking relating the behavior to Medicare, social security, and hazardous materials. According to the article, non-smokers die at a younger age as compared to smokers. King, who is the speaker attains persona credibility through individual stories and experience. For example, King’s mother was a smoker surrounded by an environment of pure smokers. Evidently, her mother entertained the behavior despite being pregnant. From this perspective, the king started having the effects of smoking in the womb. She implies that there are limited effects of smoking on pregnant mothers. In as much as this is not true in the real world, the story brings it close to reality. For example, she was born without any defects suggesting no damaging effects of smoking. Although the assumption might hold water, fortune cannot be replaced with the real effects of smoking (King, 1990). Arguably, the pleasure of smoking seems to overcome all activities in the story. It does not only replace kissing but also sex. Despite the concerted efforts to convince readers of the smoking benefits, she also recognizes the autonomy of interests. The communication structure constitut es historical context, local examples, and ethical conditions surrounding smoking. In as much as many people know that smoking has a series of problems, a glance at the article can change the perception. The nature communication points out to a creative and imaginative author with the ability to relay current events. Certainly, King’s message comes from a culture of social constraints and poverty (King, 1990). For instance, how does a pregnant woman smoke with the knowledge that it might affect her child? The illogical argument points out to lack of education and ignorance despite the prudent support for the behavior. Most importantly, the use of America and immigrants points back to the time of primitivism characterized by lack of information and education. Â   Â  

Inkwell Accounting Department Essay Example for Free

Inkwell Accounting Department Essay The Accounting Department 1. Inkwell has a small finance team. The accounting department is based in the head office of the company, which is located in Birmingham. There are 8 people in the finance team. Each member of the team has their own computer. The team has access to the internet using Firefox and two printers integrated to each computer. 2. Inkwell has one Financial Director, Anil Gupta. Anil’s main job is to manage the overall financial position of the business, ensuring capital investments and corporate strategy is properly dealt with. He has delegated the running of the accounts department to the company accountant. 3. Inkwell has one company accountant, Michael O’Payne who has been in charge of most financial affairs before Anil Gupta joined the company. The others in the financial team report to him. 4. The team consists of one accounts technician, one General Ledger and Inventory Clerk, one Accounts Payable Clerk, one Accounts Receivable Clerk, one Costing Technician and one Payroll and Personnel Database clerk. 5. The accounting department keep a close relationship with the shop staff. The main mode of communication is through email and phone calls, occasionally a member from the team will pay them an unexpected visit. The Accounting Department- Key Internal Stakeholders 1. Anil Gupta, Financial Director, has the overall responsibility for all finance, legal and accounting procedures and systems. He produces annual reports and statutory accounts. Alongside this he deals with financial issues such as banking and also legal issues, such as contacts. Anil has 30% of the company’s shares when joined the directors in 2008. 2. Michael O’Payne, the Company Accountant, has been in the company since the set up of the company. His main duties include running the day to day responsibility of the accounts department. He also produces monthly management accounts and approves payments to suppliers. After observing the company there is a low level of tension between him and Anil. However, Michael still needs to report to Anil, if he likes it or not. 3. Alex Fox, accounting technician, has the responsibility of making sure the accounting system is reviewed and recommend changes, along with other project work. She has to report to both Anil and Michael, however works more closely to Michael. 4. Michelle Labelle, General Ledger and Inventory Clerk, has the duties of maintaining the company’s cash book and keeping control on the company’s inventory. This requires Michelle to keep in close communication with the store managers. She too reports to Michael. 5. Liana Khan, Accounts payable Clerk, has the responsibility of entering all the suppliers’ invoices and credit notes on to the accounting system. She also has to ensure payments are arranged to suppliers. Liana also reports to Michael, her Father in Law. 6. Greg Morris, Accounts Receivable Clerk, has the duties of inputting all data received by customers, as well as credit control duties. These duties include sending out monthly statements to customer, working out discounts and chasing customers who have not paid in the time given. 7. Alan Cook, Costing Technician, has the responsibility of operating the costing system. This means Alan has to work closely with the Sales director in order to reach market prices. Alan uses Quickcost software to do his work and has been doing it for since the company started. He also monitors the cost and profitability of each cartridge on a monthly bases and advises management about variance targets. 8. Sharon Ward, Payroll and Personnel Clerk is responsible for the running of the payroll, both Weekly and monthly and also to make sure the personnel database is always up to date. Sharon uses Sage Payroll systems to process all her statutory forms.

Moral Living Synoptic Question Essay Example for Free

Moral Living Synoptic Question Essay In this essay it is my intention to examine the theme of moral living within the Old Testament and the Celtic Church. Morality refers to ethical issues. It is the quality of being in accord with standards of right or good conduct. It is a system of ideas of right and wrong conduct. There are two interlinked themes of religious morality and social morality under moral living. The foundation of moral living within the Old Testament is the Sinai Covenant. Whereas, the basis of morality in Celtic Church is Saint Patrick; his moral base was always routed in his scriptural beliefs. Moses, for example, made a covenant with Yahweh on Mount Sinai, the principles from which are the foundation for the Judah Christian faith today, where he received the Ethical Decalogue (10 Commandments). As Drane states, â€Å"the commands were essentially moral requirements. Honesty, truth and justice were more important to Yahweh than the performance of religious rites.† Love of God and Love of Neighbour were the two commandments at the core of the Ethical Decalogue. The first three commandments central religious morality however, the last seven focus on Love of Neighbour and Social Morality. Winward states, â€Å"no man could be in a right relationship with God who was not in a right relationship with his fellow men.† The people of Israel had an obligation as the chosen people to obey the Ethical Decalogue. Abraham was called by God to give up his polytheistic ways. God promised Abraham that he would never give up on him. As Heinsch states, â€Å"he had to journey to a foreign land alone trusting in God’s guidance.† If Abraham fulfilled this request God promised him three things, Great Nation, Land (which was Canaan) and Protection. At this time, Abraham worshipped the popular moon god, â€Å"sin† and was to break with idolatry and become monotheistic. Epstein stated that, â€Å"Abraham turned to the service of the one and only God whom he recognised as the creator of heaven and earth.† Abraham’s love of the one true God and his change from idolatry reflects similarities with Saint Patrick. Patrick arrived in Ireland to a pagan country. The people of Ireland were idolaters in that they worshipped as many as 400 gods, with the main god being the Dagda (the father). The Celts held such things as the sun, trees, groves, water and birds to be sacred. Joyce states that they had the tendency to â€Å"find the divine in all of created nature.† Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland to transform the pagan people to monotheism. He wanted them to worship and love the one true God. Patrick adopted pagan practice to Christian tradition, for example, he changed the worship of the â€Å"sun† to the â€Å"son.† Patrick wanted the people to become monks and virgins for Christ. He advocated that true worship of God required to be newly baptised (converted from paganism to Christianity.) Patrick wanted the people to convert freely; they were never forced as the decision to become a Christian had to come from the heart. When Patrick left a place he made sure he left a building (church) to be used for communal worship. Like the Old Testament prophets, Patrick expected his ordained to be good role models to the people. Unfortunately in the Old Testament the religious leaders did not always do this. Ezekiel, for example, was to inform the people that God was going to hold the religious leaders responsible as they had led the people astray instead of encouraging them to worship only Yahweh. God told Ezekiel to prophesy to the leaders, â€Å"shepherds have been feeding themselves, should not, you the shepherds feed the sheep.† In tandem with this, the prophet Elijah also had to deal with the people of Israel’s idolatry. He was aware that there was a lack of steadfast love due to the people worshipping both Yahweh and Baal (god of fertility.) Elijah challenged the people about this saying, â€Å"how long will you go limping with two different opinions?† The people needed to stop worshipping both Yahweh and Baal and were to only worship the one true God, Yahweh. Elijah had little sympathy for the people worshipping both Gods. He challenged King Ahab to a contest on Mount Carmel between Yahweh and Baal to determine who the true God is. Elijah had a great victory as Yahweh won, usually this would be celebrated but instead, Elijah went to Mount Horeb as he knew the people’s change of heart of Yahweh as the one true God was temporary and this was not good enough. True love of God was required. In line with this, Patrick also challenged the pagan people’s ways through their worship of Dagda and Lugh. It took a long time for the pagan people to convert to truly worshipping one God. Paganism continued to exist alongside early Christianity 100 years after Patrick. Amos spoke out about social injustices, he stated, â€Å"let justice roll down like waters, and righteousness like an ever-flowing stream.† Amos spoke about respect for marriage, something which King David lacked. He had an affair with Bathsheba and committed the sins of lust, adultery and murder. He was punished for this as Yahweh was to â€Å"raise up evil against you out of your own house.† David’s son died as a result of his sins. Similarly, Patrick also showed a respect for life. He spoke out about injustices such as slavery and condemnation of wealth in his letter to Coroticus. Patrick respected women and this was reflected in the Letter to Coroticus. In L19 Patrick expresses his concern for women. The women were taken as captives, to be distributed â€Å"as prizes.† Patrick makes it clear that the fate of Coroticus and his men is to be â€Å"lorded over† for all eternity by those whom they regarded to be â€Å"barbarian Irish.† In L4, Patrick also speaks up against murder and slavery – he grieves for those captured and killed and calls the perpetrators themselves â€Å"captives of Satan† the punishment met out to them will be â€Å"external life in hell.† To conclude, Christianity is now one of the leading world religions and therefore the mission of both the prophets and Patrick was successful. There will always be a call for people to repent and convert to Christianity with a return to a moral life.

The Role of the Farm Assurance Scheme in Food Safety

The Role of the Farm Assurance Scheme in Food Safety Name: Huan Yu Farm assurance In the UK, farm assurance schemes provide consumers and businesses with guarantees that food has been produced to particular standards. Farm assurance aims at certification for agricultural products and emphasises the principles of quality assurance. All farm assurance schemes are mainly to ensure high standards of animal welfare, and it may include standards and certification for traceability, production methods, transport as well as supplies in order to monitor the agricultural food from farm to pack. This protocol is necessary to certify that all farm foods reach required standard for food safety (Gov.uk, 2012). A typical example is the UK’s Red Tractor scheme, which was started by the UK farmers, food producers and retailers and was launched in 2000. The Red Tractor is a food assurance scheme which covers production standards developed by experts on safety, hygiene, animal welfare and the environment amongst other factors. All suppliers in the red tractor food chain are inspected and certified by an independent professional body. The red tractor certifies that food has been produced to these independently inspected standards right across the food chain-from farm to pack. The Red Tractor logo on the pack means the food or drink has met these responsible production standards and is fully traceable back to independently inspected farms in the UK (Assured Food Standards, 2015). Other schemes that are affiliated to the red tractor include soil association, quality British turkey and quality meat Scotland. Herd health plan Many organisations such as soil association and RSPCA Freedom Food develop, describe and use the herd health plan as an individual farm management tool to identify and control the particular health problems of an individual farm. Thus, improving and maintaining animal welfare, gain financial as well as increase farm efficacy (Anon, 2015). Herd health plan in farm assurance schemes includes designing plan of housing, feeding and pasture management, bio-security, health recording and monitoring as well as control measures of disease. Farmers set the health plan and it is advised to get the veterinarian involved in the elaboration as a team, and as a live document it will cover a series of record keeping policies and protocols to reduce the incidences of sickness and to make a more prolific herd. Brief summary / outline of the minimum required content of the farm assurance scheme and dairy herd health plan Minimum requirements for RTA dairy herd health plan T covers as a general three important aspects: A. Routine Preventive Measures; Treatment Plans and Management Procedures B. Health and Performance Monitoring C. Health and Performance Review The minimum set standard under the farm assurance as well as keeping an update herd held plan are as follow: Plans and procedures in place to ensure safe and legal food production Staff training with on-going courses on animal handling, welfare, hygiene etc. Clear identification of livestock to deliver food chain traceability Effective and responsible control of birds, rodents, insects and other animals to prevent contamination and food safety risk. Sick or injured animals should have good management Feed and water management with a good feeding programme adequate access to clean drinking water. Records of mixing formulas should be kept to ensure that the foodstuff was acquired from another assured source Safe, comfortable and hygienic housing for all livestock, including young animals as well as new birth animals and stocking density should suitable Appropriate and well maintained facilities, conditions are available for animals Effective bio-security measures to prevent the spread of disease and protect food safety and animal health Responsible use of medicines and veterinary treatment, prevent food contamination Livestock transport with adequate vehicles to maintain the welfare during transport, prevents spread of diseases Environmental impact evaluation and protection management of waste, to make sure no contamination, pollution or spread of disease. (Anon, 2015) Outline of where the farm assurance scheme and herd health plan sits in the food chain (pre-farm; farm; post farm) They aim to ensure that each step in the supply chain for farm production, such as meat and dairy, are food safety assured, furthermore, they provide safely produced farm food products means much lower chances of zoonotic agents present in the product when consumers purchase them. First, the aspect of agricultural supply sector (drugs, residues and hormones) attracts consumer concerns about the food they eat. Second, with on-farm, the production process (free range, organic), slaughter method, food safety aspects, such as farm bio-security measures, proper housing space etc are the role of assurance to provide information and satisfy consumers. Red Tactor assurance have a range of post-farm schemes that provide effective assurance to recognised standards and a fundamental link in an integrated chain of assurance in the food chain from farms to supermarkets. It covers legislative requirements, scientific evidence, and good practice in the industry and consumer concern, such as proper vehicles, certification requirement, keep records for traceability as well as maintain sanitary conditions (Assured Food Standards, 2015). Highlight aspects of the farm assurance scheme particularly associated with food safety. The farm assurance scheme has made a great contribution to food safety and protected public health from food-borne diseases. Simultaneously, it has raised the confidence of customers on agricultural production and the awareness to monitor the safety of food. The dairy industry takes food safety seriously, pasteurization is an essential tool for ensuring that milk and dairy products are safe. Moreover, every tank load of milk entering dairy processing plants is strictly tested for animal residues. Cleanliness of farm; quality of farm flooring and walls are also the consideration factors based on the schemes ensures food safety. Highlight aspects of the health plan particularly associated with food safety Food safety is also ensured via some parts of the herd health plan by preventing disease occurrence and spread via vaccination and treatment. Salmonella and E. coli, have caused incidences of food poisoning and infected humans from food animals. Thus, increasing control on farm there is a reduced risk of contamination of farm products. Moreover, isolation facility to reduce spread of potentially zoonotic infectious diseases. Bio-security reduces the likely introduction of potentially zoonotic infectious diseases. Named antibiotics for use in common conditions and, therefore, increases discussion with vet of use of antibiotics in food production. DHHPs also help assess risks for both zoonotic and non-infectious diseases, as every herd at a farm has a chance of obtaining a disease. This helps VPH issues as it gives farmers and veterinarians. Furthermore, this also ensures that when the cattle reach abattoirs and food industries, the chances of them being infected with zoonotic agents is lowered. Highlight some limitations of the scheme The scheme require close cooperation between farmers, government, industry and other relevant sectors, in order to find a solution which can minimize the negative public health impact whilst ensuring safe and effective food-producing animals. -Difficulty in certifying compliance beyond the annual inspection -Reluctance in farmers and vets to engage the program with genuine intentions beyond a bureaucratic paper exercise The relationship between credibility of quality signals and reductions in consumer’ quality discovery costs still needs to be considered Concluding paragraph and personal opinion on the role of the scheme and the herd health plan Farm assurance and herd health plan are the most effective measures for supervision to provide safe agricultural production to public and simultaneously the limitations are the goals that the farm assurance scheme needs to improve and achieve. Because they reduce the incidence and impact of food-borne diseases by ensuring that food reaching the consumers is safe, health, of food quality while ensuring protection of animal welfare. Therefore, they can boost consumer confidence on the farmers and food products and adherence to the scheme should be strictly enforced. References Assured Food Standards, (2015)About us Assured Food Standards [online]Available at: http://www.redtractor.org.uk/about-us[Accessed 12 May 2015] Anon, (2015)[online] Available at: http://orgprints.org/13406/1/13406.pdf[Accessed 12 May 2015] Anon, (2015) [online] Available at: http://www.assuredfood.co.uk/resources/000/965/981/DAIRY_standards_ONLINE.pdf [Accessed 25 May 2015] Gov.uk, (2012)Food certification and assurance schemes Detailed guidance GOV.UK[online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/kitemarks-in-farmed-meat-and-produce[Accessed 12 May 2015]

Newtons Method: A Computer Project :: Newton-Raphson Method

Newton's Method: A Computer Project Newton's Method is used to find the root of an equation provided that the function f[x] is equal to zero. Newton Method is an equation created before the days of calculators and was used to find approximate roots to numbers. The roots of the function are where the function crosses the x axis. The basic principle behind Newton's Method is that the root can be found by subtracting the function divided by its derivative from the initial guess of the root. Newtons Method worked well because an initial guess was given to put into the equation. This is important because a wrong initial guess may give you the wrong root for the function. With Mathematica, a program for Newton's method can be produced and a graph of the function can be made. From the graph, the a good initial guess can be made.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Newton's Method works to find roots for many functions, it does have its disadvantages. The root sometimes cannot be found by using Newton's Method. The reason it sometimes cannot be found is because when the function is equal to zero, there is no slope to the tangent line.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As seen in experimentation's, it is important to select an initial guess close to the root because some functions have multiple roots. Failure to choose an initial value that is close to the root could result in finding a the wrong root or wasting a lot of time doing multiple iterations while getting close to the actual root.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On some occasions, the program cannot find a root to an initial guess that is placed into the program. In some instances Mathmatica could not find the root to the function, like if it is a parabola with its vertex is placed

Power Relations in Melville’s The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Power Relations in Melville’s The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids In the mid-nineteenth century, the United States heralded the coming of the â€Å"new industrial order.† With the advent of railroads, industrialization went into full swing. Factories and mills appeared and multiplied, and the push for economic progress became the grand narrative of the country. Still, there was a conscious effort to avoid the filth and poverty so prevalent in European factory towns. Specifically, the town of Lowell, Massachusetts, was held up as an exemplary model of industrial utopia. The mill town included beautiful landscaping and dormitories for the women workers. Indeed, it looked much like a university campus (Klein 231). Nevertheless, this idealized vision eventually gave way to the reality of human greed. The female factory workers worked long hours for little pay as their health deteriorated from the hazardous conditions (238). (Specifically, Carson’s Mill in Dalton, Massachusetts, served as the model for Melville’s short stor y [Melville 2437].) In this way, industrialization (and the subsequent desire for economic wealth) became incompatible with democratic principles. Originally, the prevailing consciousness was that industrialization would further democracy and the two would become a complimentary pair. However, the reality was that these societal changes brought economic divisions; the boundaries were drawn more clearly between the privileged class and the working class. Industrialization finally results in the separation of the classes and the subsequent dialectical tension of production and consumption. This dualistic separation is made possible through the machine, the integral element that cements the unequal distribution of power. In his moral diptych, Melville questions industrialization by exploring these class divisions and the power relations within them. Ultimately, he concludes that it results in an exploitative system that thrives on both connection and isolation. Although the two spheres are physically and emotionally separated, they depend on each other for their continuation. Melville’s â€Å"The Paradise of Bachelors and the Tartarus of Maids† expertly shows this interrelationship between the owners of the means of production (the bachelors) and the workers (the maids), and how it finally results in the oppression of the workers. The first part of the tale illustrates the paradoxical life of the industrial class; they are gluttonous consumers and yet live out an empty existence. This wealthy class is represented in the form of bachelor lawyers.

A midsummers night dream Essay

Additionally, The nobles are a mirror image to the Mechanicals. The Mechanicals are completely opposite to the nobles. The nobles speak in Shakespeare’s elegant verse and are very rich and are also educated. Unlike, the mechanicals that do not speak in elegant verse but in proses and are lower class and are not well educated. The forest represents magic, instinct, love and dreams. It is symbolised by the fairies’ use of rhyming verse, and night. The prosaic Mechanicals here in the forest are another mirror image to the supernatural fairies. The Fairies are elegant; and speak in a four beat verse chant. â€Å"So shall all the couples three. Ever true in loving be† However, The Mechanicals are clumsy and earthly and speak in prose. â€Å"I, One snout by name, present a wall. The mechanicals add understanding to the audience through love. In the mist of a supernatural war, the humble Bottom demonstrates something about the blind nature of love through his combination of dignity and foolishness. † Reason and love keep little company together† Bottom adds understanding to the audience’s understanding by this quote. He explains that reason and love have nothing over love Bottom figures this out because he is ordinary, ands proving Theseus wrong. The Mechanicals’ main contribution is humour. This has the effect of diffusing tension. It grounds down the elevating romance of the lovers and the fairies, and adds to the audience’s enjoyment. Shakespeare creates humour through various language techniques. One way in which he does this is by the comic effects of the names of the characters. Bottom name might prefer to a person’s backside or an â€Å"ass† in which his head is turned into the head of an â€Å"ass†(donkey) In the play-within-a-play, flute plays Thisbe. The name Flute refers to a flute instrument, which is to a sour fruit â€Å"citrus†. This reflects his personality as he is bitter, serious and gets annoyed. High, pitched. In the play Flute has to put on a high voice as he plays a woman. Also Quince name refers Also the Mechanicals contribute humour by the misuse of their words. The mechanicals mix up their senses a lot in the play. â€Å"The flowers of odious savours sweet† an oxymoron is used here as Bottom mixes up his senses. The effect on the audience is obviously humour as it is a stupid mistake. As flowers do not smell horrible! The mechanicals also mix up senses† I see a voice†¦. And I can hear my Thisbe’s face† L187-188 [Bottom] Bottom un-deliberately mixes things up again by saying he sees a voice and hears Thisbe’s face. The effect on the audience is humour. The Mechanicals enhance the audience’s understanding of the theme of love and it transforming power. Shakespeare uses humour to show the ugly can be made beautiful though love. ?† What angel wakes me from my flowery bed†¦I pray thee, gentle mortal, sing again† As the audience knows, Bottom cant really sing but the fact that love can change something ugly into something beautiful is what the Mechanicals add to the audience’s understanding of the play. The contrast of the lazy Bottom and the beautiful Titania with her high status, her language and power underlines the transforming power of love and shows how people behave foolishly because of love. Although Bottom is ugly and uneducated he speaks wise words. † Thou art as wise as thou art beautiful† Shows that even though Bottom is ugly and clumsy his wise words about love† Bottom shows the audience that love is unreasonable. The effect on the audience is that love is not about status, beauty or law. Which is what the Athenians believe love is about. Humour is used to explore the idea of drama and the conventions of the theatre in the play-within-the-play when Quince begins his prologue he takes away the drama and the tension from the play. He does by adding a speech before the play by reminding the audience a few things before the play starts † I am to entreat you, request you are desire you to con them† Quince takes away tension in a humorous by telling the audience before hand that the Mechanicals are a little bit rubbish. Throughout the play-within-the-play Bottom dominates the play but misguides his own talent in many ways. Bottom throughout that play tries to dominate but makes silly while humorous mistakes. â€Å"O grim-looked night†¦O†¦O†¦O† Bottom repetition is entertaining as he is trying to make himself look like a good actor, He is trying to create this impression by using â€Å"o† a lot in his sentences. When Shakespeare uses the actors as the setting. Which are the wall and the moon. It shows the contrast of Shakespeare use of imagery to represent the scene, as there were no props and stage settings in those times. Also Flute says his lines all at once as the actors in the Elizabethan times would only know their own lines not the other actors. Which would be very humorous for the audience as the actors would be all jumbled up. The Mechanicals add enjoyment and understanding through the theme of love and through humour. The Mechanicals also contribute humour. And finally the Mechanicals increase the audience’s perceptive of the theme of love and it transforming authority by using Bottom to say something intelligent about love. William Shakespeare uses the Mechanicals in the play for many reasons. Shakespeare uses the mechanicals to add understanding to the audience throughout the play. Also he uses the mechanicals for the audience’s enjoyment. â€Å"A Midsummer’s Night Dream is still popular for performers and audiences today as it is a play with bizarre and magical dreams and magic happenings thought out the play. Finally, because it is a humorous yet a moral play which anybody can learn from.

Care of Elderly Persons in American and Hispanic Culture

In the United states, particularly in its more urbanized regions, there is a clear discrimination against the elderly, particularly in its more urbanized regions. This ageism is also apparent in mass media. In American movies, for instance, elderly persons in â€Å"homes† (homes for the aged) are a frequent sight. The nursing home is a potent demonstration of American society's cultural attitude towards its elderly.In American culture, it is acceptable for a child to talk in a straightforward and frank manner to elderly people, sometimes to the point of rudeness. However, most Hispanic children are taught to talk to elders with respect and reverence.Elders often have the last say in the household. From early childhood, Hispanic children are taught to respect older persons, because respect for elders connotes respect for oneself.Today many elderly persons in the United States are isolated from their families, although this kind of treatment of the elderly in the United States w as not always so. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the elderly used to be more respected, perhaps also because of the low life expectancy in those times, so that there were only very few elderly people, making their contributions to society much more valuable.However, the increased life expectancy of modern United States society has dramatically increased the proportion of the elderly in modern societies such as in America, which in turn has led to the increasing irrelevance of the elderly from an economic and practical view. Now American culture reveres youth, but at the same time looks down on old age.Many aging persons in America grow old and become afraid that their family will eventually put them in a home, and that they will have no choice but to concede. Between 17 to 20 percent of all deaths in the United States happen in nursing homes (although this number would be higher if not for the common practice of moving nursing home residents to the hospital almost immediately befor e death.In American culture, independence is highly valued, sometimes to the point of alienation. In contrast, Hispanic culture may be seen by Americans as more â€Å"clingy.† Hispanic culture is very family oriented. Hispanics typically have strong family ties and are more likely to support extended family members, including their elderly.Hispanic culture emphasizes respect for elders, and this is reflected in how their elders are treated. Many Hispanic households have the traditional structure of housing three generations. Many elderly Hispanics are also poor and cannot live independently, but they are welcomed to stay in their children's homes.However, with increasing urbanization, even Hispanic society is increasingly going the route of Americans in this regard.Nursing homes have a â€Å"presence† in American culture that is lacking in Hispanic culture; most Hispanic people assume that they would eventually be taking care of their elderly parents. This is not to sa y that ageism is exclusive to America.It is true that in most cultures a form of ageism exists, but in many Asian and Hispanic countries, this is more of a positive ageism, where elders are given more respect and are listened to and revered (although this seems to be changing with the rise of urbanization worldwide).

Swot of Taobao

Business: Taobao online trading platform Strengths: 1. The leading individual trading online platform in Asia provided B2C and C2C e-commerce business model. 2. Create (Lead) a convenient and easy online shopping channel for consumer without using traditional retail channels. 3. Connect with a reliable payment method and online trading & paying system (Alipay ) 4. A well-known brand for online trading platform in business field that can attract businesses to join and be the alliance with Taobao. 5.Gather millions of domestic businesses, personal customers, global businesses and global customers (users) to trade and access to a variety of products and services (in a lower price) without constrains of time and distance. 6. Self-help system is promoted to make users have better personal trading place. 7. Strategies like 7-day/30-day Safety Guarantee for Shopping and Shipping/ Shopping Insurance, in Taobao build up customers’ confidence. 8. Rich human resources to have a better de velopment for the business.Weaknesses: 1. There are many counterfeit and pirated goods appeared in Taobao as the supervision is poor. It damages the confidence of the buyers who have bought the fake one while the sale of sellers who are selling genuine is also affected. 2. Credit evaluation system is not comprehensive with poor management while sellers can easily delete a bad comment or evaluation from users (or they can pay and hire someone to evaluate positive comments). It provides low reference values for users. 3.Without effective control, Thousands of online advertisement increased causes the falsity of the advertising also increased. 4. The trading models of Taobao are easily being copied. For example, the Group buying nowadays in Hong Kong was originally started in Taobao. 5. Businesses might withdraw from Taobao and to have their own trading and shopping platform/ they will distribute their resources in different online trading platform when they expand to a certain busines s scale. Then those businesses will become the competitor of Taobao. . Personal information leak may happen, including names, phone numbers and home addresses when businesses get all these information. 7. Taobao does not provide a natively English version for the platform. It limited its expansion in global market. Opportunities: 1. The increasing usage of the Internet and technology development helps the expansion of Taobao. 2. The smartphone technology increases the efficiency and convenience of online shopping and builds up an efficient network business culture.People are confident and motivated to buy more. 3. Government launched a lot of policies to standardize the operation and development of different industries. It indirectly provides an elastic and loose developing environment for online trading platform. 4. Different banking system corporates with Taobao (alipay) to launch different system to provide more services for online users, such as bills payment, insurance or auto paying expenses. 5. The growing economy in China encourages people’s consumption on online shopping platform.Threats: 1. Different competitors in Asia is following behind Taobao and sometimes that its position is threatened, such as QQ Mall, 360buy, Amazon. cn etc. 2. There are many new online paying platforms appeared to challenge the position of Alipay, such as Tenpay (by Tencent) , Baifubao (by Baidu) as they fail to corporate with some third parties (banks, insurance companies) . 3. The quality of different logistic service providers is uneven. There are many complaints about courier stealing goods/damaging goods from customers at Taobao.It will affect Taobao’s expansion until they build up their own systematic and uniform logistic system. 4. Government policy about e-commerce business model is not fully established. Existing law and regulations always fall behind to define the attribution of the burden of proof. It somehow causes online transaction disputes betwee n buyers and sellers. 5. Traditional shopping platform provide a direct way for customers to look, feel and touch with the product. A big market will still stick with traditional trading platform (like malls, markets or shops in real).

My Favourite Character

This Essay is about my favourite character in â€Å"To Kill a Mocking Bird. † She is one of the biggest, most important characters; she is considered the main character. She is very important for she helps narrate this story. She helps with the story by describing her thoughts and feelings that is one of the main reasons why I like her. She also helps to develop the plot, themes, and helps to emphasize some of the symbolism. Her name is Jean-Louis, but we all know her as Scout. Scout is a daughter, a sister and a friend.She is a huge tomboy; and she likes to prove it to every one. She prefers to hang out boys rather than girls, and so she does, she spends most of her time with her brother Jem, and in the summers, her cousin; Dill. In the beginning of the book Scout is only a young age of 9, throughout the novel she gets older just like the rest of the characters, and also matures along with her older brother Jem. Although Scout isn’t going through the same stages as Jem she matures just as much.Jem’s turning into a teenager, while Scout is getting older, and is discovering how the world works. The era of this book is set back to around the years 1861 to 1865; this was when the civil war was happening, along with the discrimination of African Americans. Racism is a huge theme in â€Å"To Kill a Mocking Bird. † Scout doesn’t really under stand that racism isn’t good, but it’s not her fault, because she has lived with it and doesn’t know any different.In that time â€Å"blacks† were known as lesser human beings. The â€Å"whites† were known to be greater than any other race; Scout didn’t know that this was wrong, so she went with it. During the trail, one of the biggest parts of this novel, Scout discovers a little bit about racism. The trial is about how an African American is being accused for the rape of a Caucasian woman, during the trial a lot of discrimination happens to the defenda nt, this is when Scout discovers racism.

An analysis of aldis strategy

An analysis of aldis strategy Introduction In 1948, the brothers Theo and Karl Albrecht opened the grocery store ‘Albrecht Discounts’ (Aldi) in Essen (Ruhr Valley), Germany. The store had a simple layout and provided a great deal of products at a low price. The company grew rapidly, owning 13 stores in 1950 and about 300 stores in 1961 across Germany. In 1961, Theo and Karl divided the company into Aldi North (run by Theo) and Aldi South (run by Karl). The reasons for this division, according to Dieter Brandes, a former managing director of Aldi in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, were different views about how to develop the business. However, the brothers normally exchanged information about a range of issues such as performance and cost figures, current and potential suppliers and they also conducted joint negotiations with suppliers. In 2003, Theo and Karl resigned as CEOs. Theo’s son, Theo Albrecht Jr, now runs Aldi North, and Juergen Kroll and Norbert Podschlapp run Aldi South. Since the â €˜Spend a little Live a lot’ message is being known by more and more people, and Aldi has been obtained ‘Best Supermarket 2009 Award’ in 2009, Aldi has become one of most reputable retailer in the international business, and it operates over 7,000 stores worldwide. Considering of this situation, it would be interesting to understand and analyse the management strategies of Aldi. Therefore, my project will analyse management strategies of Aldi which operates a discount supermarket chain in the retail industry. The paper begins by using PEST analysis, Porter’s 5 forces analysis and Competitors’ analysis to analyse the environment of supermarket industry. The next section is to analyse the strategic capability of Aldi. The following section discusses purpose of Aldi, and the final section draws recommendations for improvement of Aldi’s strategy. Section 1: Environmental Analysis PEST analysis Based on using a PEST analysis, it is likely to re cognize the core environmental influences on Aldi. Firstly, it is well-known that the major economic factor is the global recession which originally caused by the United States housing bubble during the period from 2005 to 2008. This financial event has been to strongly motivate customers who begin to purchase inexpensive products with high quality. This means that Aldi will attract a great deal of customers without advertising and doing activities of sales promotion. Because of this situation, it is not necessary to conduct new strategies for the growth of customers. On the other hand, global recession possibly result in the increase of product’s cost, thus there is a doubt of whether Aldi could sale low-price products with good quality. Therefore, Aldi should consider this problem in order to ensure future growth. Furthermore, social factors impact on Aldi includes the change in consumer taste, some of lifestyle changes and health concerns. It is clear that in recent years more and more consumers start changing their taste, for instance, an increasing demand for organic foods and ban of GM foods. Aldi should consider this factor because it may impacts on the future products’ development of strategy. Moreover, there is not doubt that some of lifestyle changes such as home shopping and interest usage might increase online shopping, thus according to this factor, Aldi possibly invest more funds to enhance their online service and delivery’s service. Recently, health concern has become a key issue around the world, so consumers tend to purchase health products without worrying about the price. For example, BSE outbreak precipitated ban of British beef (Elliott, 2005).

Service learning and high school diploma Research Paper

Service learning and high school diploma - Research Paper Example Service learning and high school diploma Service learning wouldn’t benefit the students’ education. Indeed, many students would be unable to volunteer in their field. This negates any argument that service learning would help the students’ education†. The above argument is also illogical. The aim of education is to prepare the children to meet all sorts of life challenges effectively in future. In other words, it is ridiculous to argue that a science student should get practical experiences only in science topics. It should be noted that for conducting a successful future personal, professional and social life, he should acquire all sorts of knowledge even if he is specifically studying the science or arts during his school days. Service Learning programs must have specific goals in mind, and a system to support them. It should connect community services to the learning goals. In some cases, people develop service mentality because of genetic reasons. However, genetic reasons alone may not help a student to acquire service mentality. Suitable environment will help the students to develop more service mentality. In order to develop the suitable environment for service learning, planning and preparations are necessary. To conclude, service learning should be made mandatory in order to prepare the students better equipped for meeting the life challenges in future. Theoretical contents learned from the classrooms will become meaningful only when the students were able to apply it in the practical context. Service learning will help the students in doing so and therefore service learning should be made compulsory to earn a high school diploma. ... In their opinion school is a place in which learning should take place rather than servicing. However, such people have forgotten to realise the fact that learning by doing is the most efficient method of the learning process. Students may get lot of contents from their text books; however they will never realise the importance of such contents in the absence of practice. For example, students may learn more about Mother Teresa and her contributions from text books. But only those who take part in the community servicing will learn more about the depth, breadth and greatness of Mother’s services. According to Jonathan Sims, the student representative of Maryland state board of education, â€Å"students who are forced to community work may view the work as something to get out of the way and they will become clock watchers† (Morris, p. 4). The above arguments seem to be meaningless. In my opinion, when planned properly, service learning allows students to utilize their c lassroom learning, and use it in a real life situation.  It is difficult to create a wall between education and servicing. In fact the ultimate aim of education is servicing. Whatever the knowledge acquired by a student while learning, becomes meaningful only when he applies it in his personal, professional and social life. In other words, service learning will help the students to apply their knowledge learned from the classrooms. According to Ron Peiffer, Director of communication and special projects at Maryland state department of education, â€Å"when opponents argue that we cannot mandate volunteerism, they are ignoring the basic goal of required service programs ie, education† (Morris, p. 4). â€Å"Training throughout the mentoring experience would have helped to make

Saudi undergraduates' perceptions about English academic listening Dissertation

Saudi undergraduates' perceptions about English academic listening difficulties and their strategies to cope with these diffic - Dissertation Example For English language schools in Iran however, the skills of listening are not highlighted even with the significant access available in terms of listening materials in classrooms, such as CDs and DVDs. As a result, students believed that their difficulties in understanding what they were listening to did not match their competence. According to Graham (2006) persistent issues in securing listening skills may cause passivity as well as a decreased motivation and decreased involvement in the lessons. In other words, the listening skill is not given enough attention in the classroom and is not given sufficient value in the global setting (Graham, 2006). Two challenges are seen in the listening skill. One challenge refers to the understanding of the skills process itself, and another is on selecting the medium by which the listening strategy can be transmitted in the classroom (Graham, 2006). The latter may inhibit students from improving their listening skills at the lower levels in the classroom setting. Studies on explicit listening instructions seem to be important in terms of the choice of language and in securing listening strategies because the challenge at the lower language levels is to understand the context of teaching the listening strategies. ... Nagle and Sanders (1986) have secured a listening comprehension-processing model indicating how the automatic and controlled processes help listeners secure meaning based on an oral input. Moreover, evidence based on a varied context and input from the Constructivist construction by Vandergrift (1999) suggests how listeners can gain meaning based on oral support. Various studies highlight the types of learning strategies which second language learners apply during listening (Carrier, 2003; Chang and read, 2006). Authors contend that good language learner applications must be used in order to help students who are struggling in their language learning. Hassan and colleagues (2005) carried out a review of ESL studies which highlighted learning strategies from various languages. Most of the studies indicated that learning strategies, include metacognitive (learning awareness), cognitive (mental learning), and socioaffective learning (individual and social interaction behaviour). Hassan, et.al., (2005) identified learning strategies as strategies which learners use often in order to improve their learning. Chang and Read (2007) assessed visual support in the process of foreign language learning processes, evaluating the effect of various kinds of listening support on low level proficiently learners in English learning in Taiwan. Four groups took part in their study with two groups assigned to listening supports and another one focused on pictures or a written background text. A third group was a recipient to listening input repetition and the fourth group was the control group, not having any listening support. A listening proficiency test followed, then a short

Edward Estlin Cummings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Edward Estlin Cummings - Essay Example four lean hounds crouched low and smiling the merry deer ran before. †¦my heart fell dead before (Cummings lines 1-5/ 31-35). The last line varies at the end of the poem from â€Å"the merry deer ran before† to â€Å"my heart fell dead before.† Even with this slight variation, the repeated lines have a magic effect of overturning the theme of the poem from tragic to that of vitality and life. Two most evident details in this repeated verse is the use of colors and numbers for the purpose of description. The persona is describing the green garb of his lover and the golden color of the horse as well as silver dawn. These details chronicle the beautiful atmosphere of the lovers at the time. There are also numbers, which are repeated throughout the poem. In this specific stanza, the persona talks of â€Å"four lean hounds† of deer (Cummings, line 4). The numbers and the colors are a combination of beauty and terror, especially when the carrier resembles the war carriers that take soldiers to war (Bloom 22). At some point in the end when the lines are repeated, the poem draws the beauty of the described place and the lover by engulfing them in an atmosphere of death. The poem describes from the start a chronological event where it first describes the chase and the death of the persona and the collapse of his lover. These images are alluded to but when the repeated lines appear the poem takes the form of vitality and life. As the two lines unite the poem, the lovers are unified in elation. The colors green is the color of life and connects the lovers who are partakers in the succession of life and fatality. B: Edward Estlin Cummings. Xaipe/Seventy-one poems The poem selected from this collection is titled â€Å"I thank You God for most this amazing.† The poem is like praise lyric made whole by playing with words, grammar, punctuation and syntax (Bloom 28). For example, there is lack of spacing and punctuation, which make the speaker, speak without breathing; thus showing the intensity of his overwhelming joy and appreciation. With only four stanzas, the first stanza captures the spirit of the rest of the piece, and it goes thus: i thank You God for most this amazing day:for the leaping greenly spirits of trees and a blue true dream of sky;and for everything which is natural which is infinite which is yes (Cummings, lines 1-4) In this stanza, the speaker describes the day as amazing with the â€Å"spirit of trees† and a sky of â€Å"blue true dream† with â€Å"everything† ordinary and inestimable and â€Å"yes.† By writing continuously without spacing, regardless of the presence of punctuation, the poet renders the speaker breathless. Reading the poem kills it and gives it a new life afterwards when it is reborn as the speaker reunites and communicates with Mother Nature. Like a small child, the speaker describes the new life in terms of his newly founded cognizance because he is rebor n. The first stanza is precedence to what has already happened, and the speaker is joyous of the renewed sun, life, love and wings; including the earth itself. The praise is merely a subjective experience because the speaker renders everything new because of his personal renewal. With rebirth or a new perspective in life, things become new and one is able to picture things from a different point of view. The persona establishes a personal deity, â€Å"

Global plan strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global plan strategy - Research Paper Example Strategizing is always considered to be the most appropriate way for new businesses to go about daily operation, hence the need for this paper. Introduction It is estimated that about 83% of adults in the United States of America take coffee. According to this figure, U.S remains the world major consumer of coffee. According to a New York-based group, 63% of adults consume coffee on a daily basis compared to 65% annually. Daily intake of gourmet-coffee remains stiff with about 31% of the total users as compared to other brands whose intake fell drastically; this is according a New York based research company. Arabica-coffee prices have dropped in New York with a margin of 5.8% recently, while in London, Robusta prices have gained almost 12% (FAO p64). Arabica is mainly found in Latin America and manufactured by giant companies such as Starbucks and McDonald. Robusta Beans, majorly used in instant coffee are widely cultivated in Asia and some parts of Africa. Brazil has posed to be th e second largest consumer after U.S.A, trailed by Germany as per the International Coffee Organization which is based in London. These are some of facts and figures that lured Dorato partners to initiate the business. With these challenging financial periods, it is appropriate for the company to strategize to avoid flopping in the event of their operations. Firm Analysis Company overview: Dorato was founded in the year 2012 after top investors who are the main financers agreed to partner in order to come up with the coffee business. Dorato is meant to provide coffee beverages in and outside U.S. The firm has received it funds through major donations from friends, at the same time the partners have used their assets to acquire loans from various financial institutions in the United States. Management philosophy: Quality in products and services to customers and staff members is Dorato’s top priority. Dorato believes that increased quality production and services gained from th e staff members is expedited by a conducive working environment. An environment that appreciates good work performance, flexible, prize fairness encourages free communication and respecting the views of individuals. This optimizes Dorato staff’s performance and health. Self-esteem to attain excellence maximizes especially when the staff members are handled with trust, decency and respect. Quality in Performance: - Dorato has an interest for tracking its mission to improve coffee selling as a business and profession and as a way of promoting farming, uptake of coffee, good business practices and culture. This passion is shown by workers’ perseverance, patience and dedication to advancing coffee uptake. Dorato managers are always available to provide assistance to staff; this is achieved by setting achievable goals, schedules and timetables for its goods and services and inspires staff members to be responsible as a result of its products and services integrity. Excellen t Customer Services: - Dorato strongly believes in its customers and value of relationships, both internally and externally. To satisfy customers, Dorato management

State Sovereignty and Lawful Intervention Essay

State Sovereignty and Lawful Intervention - Essay Example International law emphasizes on the duties and responsibilities of states, in the conduct of their international relations with other states. There is a duty â€Å"to refrain from intervention or the dictatorial interference by a State in the affairs of another State for the purpose of maintaining or altering the actual condition of things† (Coquia and Santiago 115). Intervention is basically illegal under international law as it violates the sovereignty of a state (Coquia and Santiago 459) and affects the independence, the international personality, the territorial supremacy and even the existence of a state (Coquia and Santiago 115). However, there are instances where intervention is lawful based on â€Å"existing legal restrictions upon the independence or territorial or personal supremacy of the State intervened with† (Coquia and Santiago 116). Among the reasons which have been cited for state intervention are the following: intervention as a self-defense, for humanitarian reasons and finally for abatement. Self-Defense A State may intervene for its preservation or self-defense against armed attack provided that there exists an immediate danger of attack. It is important therefore to determine whether there exists an immediate danger of an armed attack or not. Thus the exercise or the use of force in self-defense would be justified under international law provided that the need for such force was â€Å"instant, overwhelming, immediate and that there was no viable alternative action which could be taken†

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 122

Summary - Essay Example which contributed to the development of the New Negro movement and culture. The book helps us better understand the reasons and realms of political and social struggle of Afro American people as well as get acquainted with the major cultural achievements of the time. Lewiss article â€Å"The City of Refuge† may be nominally divided into two sections: in the first part the author gives an overview of lifestyle and conditions in Harlem of the late 1910s, while another part is dedicated to Marcus Garvey – his biography, views and activity. Action is majorly focused between 130th to 145th Streets, where the number of Afro American inhabitants was the highest. â€Å"Everybody in Harlem was rich†, - David Lewis (1997) wrote. Hotels, cabarets, vaudeville houses, casinos were everywhere in Harlem. They brought together talented and famous composers, musicians, singers, dancers, poets and others. It was the time when â€Å"Negro† music such as jazz and dances became popular all over America. Names of Jim Europe, Irene and Vernon Castle, Nick la Rocca were well-known and celebrated far beyond Harlem. At the same time, Harlem was a â€Å"forum for serious racial palaver† (Lewis, 1997), where the views of Marcus Garvey were hears for the first time. Bearing pan-African ideas, he stayed for the recognition of African nationality, proclaimed the necessity of creating the country of New Africa that would be a motherland for Negros all over the world, defended ethnic identity and equal rights with â€Å"whites† of â€Å"black† people. Another Lewiss article â€Å"Stars† outlines lives and works of four outstanding poets of Harlem Renaissance: Claude McKay, Jean Toomer, Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen. In their poems and ballads, authors strove to â€Å"promote racial advancement through artistic creativity† (Lewis, 1997) and showed that â€Å"black† poetry can be not least worthy than non-blacks. These poets laid

See the instructions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

See the instructions - Research Paper Example Two planes hit world trade center that eventually collapsed (Bodden, 25). The events of this day changed the airport security procedures in relation to modern aviation. The terrorist attacks reduced the passenger’s confidence in air travel. There was massive job loss, and many companies went to receivership. A solution was needed fast since the terrorist attack threatened the existence of the industry. Airport security was about to receive a transformation that would remain as a mark in the aviation industry. It was clear that old security systems used previously were not working in the industry. Modern aviation airport security changed from the events of that fateful day. The country was quick to introduce full body scanners backed by the NTC regulations (Price and Forrest, 64). Previously airport security was limited to only x-ray scanners used to search and screen passengers. The procedure proved to be ineffective as 19 terrorists entered passenger planes and led to massive loss of life and over 10 billion $ in property loss. Airport security also started screening passengers using other databases from other arms of the government. The screening is intense for passengers who fail to produce government issued IDs in United States of America. The homeland security introduced the blacklist that contains names of passengers who are not allowed to board planes. The blacklist contains people who are as a potential threat to the passengers and the crew on board. The type of luggage that passengers carry onboard a flight is after discovery of the possibility of liquid bombs aboard airlines. Some of the airlines introduced armed flight marshals to act in case of any danger. The new measures increased the cost of air travel but effectively boost security on airlines. In conclusion, the events of September in 2001 changed the way airport security is conducted concerning modern

Grading System Essay Example for Free

Grading System Essay This system is a complex topic that involves philosophical, pedagogical, and pragmatic issues for all students. We all have our own ideas of how grades should be assigned, and what they should tell us about the students performance. This grading system rests on the assumption that the level of student performance will not vary much from class to class. In this system the instructor usually determines the percentage of students assigned each grade, although it may be determined (or at least influenced) by departmental policy. All information supplied to the National Statistics Office is treated as strictly confidential. This information is used solely in the compilation of statistical reports. No information on individual returns can be given to any external public or private entity. The National Statistics Office (NSO) is the major statistical agency responsible in collecting, compiling, classifying, producing, publishing, and disseminating general-purpose statistics in the Philippines. It coverings of areas from leyte specially tacloban,capoocan , abuyog ,etc. The main objective of this paper is to propose an effective and friendly used grading system in DATAMEX. It shows the final grades of a student and the computation of the grade both midterm and finals. This proposal helps the student to be aware to their grade if he/she is failed or pass the specific subject The National Statistics Office (NSO) was first called the Bureau of the Census and Statistics (BCS) under Commonwealth Act. No. 591 approved on August 19, 1940. The BCS was created to consolidate statistical activities of the government under the executive direction of the President of the Philippines. Transferred to the BCS were the powers, functions and duties of the Statistics Division of the Department of Agriculture and Commerce; Civil Registry Division of the National Library; and Statistics Division of the Bureau of Customs. Also transferred to the BCS were the personnel, equipment, unexpended appropriations, records, documents, supplies and other property upon or prior to the completion of the census taken in accordance with the provision of C. A. 170, the act creating the Commission of Census. On January 1, 1941, the BCS was transferred (under Executive Order No. 392) to the then Department of Trade. Presidential Decree No 418 issued on March 20, 1974 reconstituted the BCS into a new agency known as the National Census and Statistics Office (NCSO) under the administrative supervision of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). In 1987, by virtue of Executive Order No. 121 entitled â€Å"Reorganizing and Strengthening the Philippine Statistical System and for Other Purposes†, the NCSO was renamed National Statistics Office (NSO) under the administrative supervision of the Office of the President. Executive Order No. 149 dated December 28, 1993 was issued by the Office of the President entitled â€Å"Streamlining of the Office of the President†. By virtue of this order, the NSO was placed again under the administrative supervision of the NEDA for effective policy and program coordination and integration. Executive Order No. 5, approved on October 23, 1999 is the most recent development. It mandated the â€Å"Strengthening of the National Statistics Office†. The order strengthens NSO through decentralization of statistics generation activities, transformation of Central Office Units into more developmental planning and evaluation units, and increased application of information technology in its operations to efficiently and effectively perform its mandated functions. 1. Is there any significance between the manual grading systems to the computerized grading system? 2. Is Manual grading system gives more accurate, efficiency and easy to use than the computerized grading system? 3. Is manual grading system makes the task easier and less consuming of time than the computerized grading system? Hypotheses 1. The computerized grading system is more significance than the manual as follows: a. No using of paper and pencil. b. Rush hour submission of grades. c. A slow process of retrieving and releasing of records. 2. All the results from the gathered by teacher from the students grades has capable to enter efficiency and has a friendly used. The study limited itself to the workers employed in both unionized and non-unionized establishments employing 20 more workers that operate in the National Statistic Office. The main justification for this choice was to make a comparison of the unionization tendencies of workers coming from two types of economies – one urban and the other rural; one which has a high union density as against another with a relatively low union density; one which is principally an industrial economy and another which is basically agricultural. In this sense, respondents from the Metro Manila stood for those workers coming from the urbanized, industrialized, and highly unionized parts of the Philippines, while Ilocos Sur respondents represented workers coming from the rural, agricultural and low union density regions. It was also a means to explain the non-union phenomenon in light of the socio-cultural differences of the respondents, one set of workers being composed of mixed ethnic groups, and the other predominantly Ilocanos. It was also a means to test whether rural workers, or in the case of this study, Ilocanos, are less interested in unionism and union-joining as they are observed to be thinly unionized. Moreover, the study focused on an examination of the factors influencing the propensity to unionize from the standpoint of the worker (meaning, an individual level analysis) and hence, excluded the study of management preferences or union preferences. One other limitation of the study was its coverage that made it prone to sampling biases. The limitation of the sample to employees working in companies employing 20 or more workers left out workers from smaller companies that are potentially organizable; other cultural groups (Visayans, Muslims, Cordillerans, Bicolanos, etc. were left out in view of the fact that the scope of the study included only rRegion 8; and the focus of the study on the individual level missed some explanations of the determinants of union-joining behavior that might come from other factors, such as those coming from managers and employers with their perceived anti-union ideologies, the apathy of trade unions and labor federations toward organizing the unorganized workers, in addition to some other explanations that may come from other possible sources, like government industrial or labor relations legislation. It focuses on how the proposed system will be able to contribute a lot for the students in terms of showing their grades. And to develop an electronic and advanced system that will allow the students of DATAMEX to show their grades and how computing it.